What happens when high blood pressure meets diabetes? What do you need to pay attention to on a daily basis? This article tells you

 Hypertension and diabetes are both chronic diseases, and the relationship between these two diseases is particularly close. Two out of three adults with diabetes have hypertension, and in most cases, hypertension and diabetes go together, and if you have both hypertension and diabetes, you are more likely to develop cardiovascular disease.

Therefore, patients with hypertension combined with diabetes should not only take their medications scientifically and systematically under the guidance of their doctors, but also take daily precautions that should not be ignored.

What should I pay attention to when I have hypertension and diabetes?

1. Choose the appropriate diet

Patients with hypertension and diabetes should follow the DASH diet as a dietary pattern. The specific plan is as follows: eat more vegetables and fruits, consume low-fat or nonfat dairy products, such as low-fat or nonfat milk, yogurt or low-fat cheese, and eat more whole-grain and high-fiber foods, such as brown rice, oats or whole-grain bread, and brown rice.

Eat a small amount of foods rich in unsaturated fatty acids, such as fresh nuts, reduce the intake of animal fat, try to eat lean meat or meat substitutes, such as beans or fish and chicken without skin, and to take healthy cooking methods, such as steaming and stewing, while maintaining a low-salt diet.

2. reduce weight

Obese people's blood pressure is more likely to fluctuate, because the excess fat will break down into fat particles blocking blood vessels, eventually leading to increased blood pressure, in addition to obesity will lead to insulin resistance, is not conducive to blood sugar control, so hypertension combined with diabetes patients should actively reduce weight, so that weight control within the normal range, try to eat less high-calorie food, such as sweets or candy.

3. Do appropriate exercise

Hypertension combined with diabetes patients should also do appropriate exercise, it is recommended to do 30 minutes of aerobic exercise every day, such as brisk walking, and also 2 to 3 times a week resistance exercise, such as the use of equipment to do some appropriate arm strength, waist and abdominal leg muscle strength training. Over time blood circulation will become more fluid, insulin secretion will also increase, so that blood pressure and blood sugar can be better controlled.

4. Quit smoking and alcohol

The harmful substances in cigarettes can cause damage to various organs, including the cerebral vessels and the pancreas, so patients with hypertension and diabetes should quit smoking in time. Alcohol will stimulate the sympathetic nerve, which will cause the sympathetic nerve to be in a state of excitement, prompting the heart rate to increase and blood pressure to rise, so patients with hypertension and diabetes should also quit drinking in a timely manner.

5. Eat fruits reasonably

Although fruits are rich in nutrients, including vitamins and trace elements, they are also rich in glucose and fructose, which may lead to blood sugar fluctuations if consumed in excess, so patients with hypertension and diabetes should eat fruits under the premise of ensuring stable blood sugar, and should not consume too much fruit in a short period of time.

Both diseases, diabetes and hypertension, often have the same basis for their onset and are associated with poor lifestyles. For example, high-calorie, high-fat, high-sodium diet, low physical activity, overweight, binge eating, bad habits such as smoking and alcohol, etc.

And the two promote each other, forming a vicious circle. High blood sugar can promote atherosclerosis, promote the thickening of the wall, the formation of blood clots, aggravate hypertension, long-term can cause the emergence of cardiovascular disease. Increased blood pressure, in turn, can also cause an increase in blood sugar stress, leading to poor blood sugar control in diabetic patients, and can also induce and aggravate the risk of heart, eye, kidney and other diabetic complications.

Generally speaking, the blood pressure of diabetic patients should be controlled at 130/80 mmHg, and diabetic patients with old age or coronary heart disease can be relaxed to 140/90 mmHg.

1.diabetes meets high blood pressure, antihypertensive drugs can not just take

Some antihypertensive drugs, which can lead to impaired glucose tolerance in the body of diabetics, is not conducive to the control of blood sugar, and sometimes may make the diabetic's blood sugar rise or even out of control, requiring careful and reasonable use of sugar.

For example, antihypertensive drugs such as hydrochlorothiazide and other thiazide diuretics, which have a greater impact on glucose tolerance, leading to hypokalemia in patients, which can easily aggravate insulin resistance and affect the decline in glucose tolerance.

When choosing antihypertensive drugs for diabetic patients, the antihypertensive efficacy, the protective effect on the heart, brain and kidney, safety and compliance, as well as the impact on metabolism should be taken into account. Preferably long-acting preparations (generally taken once a day), effective and smooth control of 24-hour blood pressure (including nighttime blood pressure and morning peak blood pressure), in order to reduce blood pressure fluctuations around the clock and prevent cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease events.

2. diabetes meets hypertension, glucose-lowering drugs to consider a comprehensive

When diabetic patients combined with hypertension, glucose lovers choose glucose-lowering drugs should also be more comprehensive consideration. Those who can provide additional protection to the heart and kidneys, reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease, heart failure, kidney disease in glucose patients will be preferred.

There are three main types of such glucose-lowering drugs, and the first choice is still metformin. In addition to its ability to lower blood sugar by inhibiting hepatic glycogen output and increasing insulin utilization by peripheral tissues, metformin also has lipid and weight loss effects.

To metformin, SGLT2 inhibitor drugs or GLP-1 agonist drugs can be added. SGLT2 inhibitor drugs, which lower blood sugar by promoting urinary sugar excretion, are not affected by the sugar users' own islet function. They include dagliflozin, enagliflozin, and kagliflozin, etc.

GLP-1 receptor agonist drugs can indirectly promote insulin secretion to lower blood glucose, and also have the effect of promoting the recovery of islet function. They mainly include exenatide, liraglutide, etc.

Among other hypoglycemic drugs, thiazolidinediones (rosiglitazone, pioglitazone) have an increased risk of heart failure and should be used with extra caution by glucose patients with combined hypertension.

3. diabetes meets high blood pressure, develop good habits of life

Many unhealthy lifestyles are the common basis of diabetes and hypertension, to develop good healthy habits in diet, exercise, work and rest.

(1) Diet control sugar, oil and salt, and say goodbye to the poor diet structure of high fat and high salt.

(2) eat seven or eight minutes full, appropriate to reduce the amount of meals, especially the amount of staple food meals.

(3) Regular diet, regular meals, remember to binge eating.

(4) Quit smoking, quit drinking. The risk of hypertension and diabetes in people who smoke and drink is 2-4 times higher than in the general population.

(5) appropriate exercise, reduce sedentary time. Sitting for more than an hour, get up and move around. Exercise exercise to jogging, brisk walking and other aerobic exercise, combined with lifting dumbbells, pullers and other resistance exercises.

(6) Weight control. Overweight if overweight or obese, to lose weight properly.

(7) regular work and rest, adequate sleep.

(8) a good state of mind, avoid mental tension, sulking.

Warm Tips

Patients with hypertension and diabetes should be alert to the appearance of hypoglycemia when exercising. Learn to identify sweating caused by exercise and sweating caused by hypoglycemia, and carry candy and sugary chocolates with you when you exercise, so that you can quickly correct hypoglycemia and avoid accidents due to hypoglycemia, especially for people who have the habit of morning exercise.